History

The history of Ankara and its surroundings stretches back to the Hatti civilisation of the Bronze Age. Two thousand years before at the time of Jesus, the Hittites become the dominant power of the region, and then followed by the Phyrgians, Lydians and Persians. In the 3rd Century BC, the Celtic people known as the Galatians, made Ankara as a capital of their city. The name Ankara comes from the word 'Ancyra', which means 'anchor.' Ankara gained prominence under the leadership of Ataturk during the national resistence which followed World War I. It was declared the capital of the new Turkish Republic on October 13th 1923, when the National War of Independence freed Turkey from foreign occupation. Occupying the one of the most prominent parts of the city is Anitkabir, the magnificent mausoleum constructed to commemorate Ataturk. This structure, which was completed in 1953, is a synthesis of antique and modern architectural themes, and proves the elegance and strength of Turkish architecture. The oldest parts of the city surround the Castle. The Alaaddin Mosque which was found inside of its walls is still one of the best examples of Selcuk art and wood craftsmanship, in spite of the fact, it was restored by the Ottomans. The area has experienced a rejuvenation with the restoration of many interesting old Turkish houses, and the opening a several art galleries and fine restaurants which feature examples of traditional Turkish cuisine. Near the gate of the castle there is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which is a beautifully restored portion of the old bazaar. It contains priceless artifacts belonging to the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras as well as the Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu and also Roman civilizations.